105年:內專
A 52-year-old man with a 20-year history of cigarette smoking is admitted to the hospital because of cough and weakness. On admission, his serum electrolyte levels are: serum [Na] 112 mEq/L; [K] 4.5 mEq/L; [Cl] 80 mEq/L; and HCO₃⁻, 26 mEq/L. The BUN was 8 mg/dL , serum creatinine 0.8 mg/dL and serum uric acid 3.0 mg/dL. These data are most consistent with which of the following?
ASIADH (syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion)
BCongestive heart failure
CCirrhosis and ascites
DSevere salt and water depletion
EAdrenal insufficiency
詳細解析
本題觀念:
一位 52 歲長期抽菸男性,出現咳嗽、虛弱,血清電解質顯示嚴重低血鈉症(hyponatremia)( 112 mEq/L)、正常血鉀、正常 、極低 BUN(8 mg/dL)、正常肌酸酐(0.8 mg/dL)、低血尿酸(3.0 mg/dL)。此典型組合強烈指向抗利尿激素分泌不當症候群(syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, SIADH),而抽菸史提示肺部腫瘤(尤其小細胞肺癌)可能為異位性 ADH 分泌的來源。
選項分析
關鍵實驗室特徵解讀:
- 嚴重低血鈉(112 mEq/L):低張性低鈉血症(hypotonic hyponatremia)
- 正常血鉀(4.5 mEq/L):排除腎上腺功能不全(低鈉 + 高鉀為 Addison's disease 特徵)
- 正常 (26 mEq/L):無明顯酸鹼失衡
- 極低 BUN(8 mg/dL):體液擴張稀釋 + 尿素在全身體液中分佈
- 正常肌酸酐(0.8 mg/dL):腎功能正常
- 低血尿酸(3.0 mg/dL):SIADH 的重要補充診斷標準(尿酸清除率上升)
**(A) SIADH(抗利尿激素
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