105年:內專

A 28 y/o young male visited your outpatient clinic with an elevated blood pressure of 148/100 mmHg. He denies taking any medications, but has a family history of hypertension. His laboratory values were: [Na] 140 mEq/L, [K] 3.1 mEq/L, [Cl] 98 mEq/L, BUN 25 mg/dL, Creatinine 0.9 mg/dL, Glucose: 85 mg/dL. The arterial blood gas (ABG) test reveals: Arterial pH: 7.48, PCO₂: 46 mm Hg, HCO₃⁻: 34 mEq/L. What is the most appropriate characterization of his acid-base disorder?

AMetabolic alkalosis
BMetabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis
CRespiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis
DMetabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis
ERespiratory alkalosis

詳細解析

本題觀念:

本題考查酸鹼平衡判讀(acid-base disorder interpretation)。28歲男性高血壓患者,血中 K⁺ 偏低(3.1 mEq/L),ABG 顯示:pH 7.48(鹼性)、PCO2\text{PCO}_2 46 mmHg(略高)、HCO3\text{HCO}_3^- 34 mEq/L(明顯升高)。需判斷是單純代謝性鹼中毒,還是混合性酸鹼異常。

選項分析

(A) Metabolic alkalosis pH 7.48 偏鹼、HCO3\text{HCO}_3^- 34 mEq/L(原發性升高)→ 原發診斷為代謝性鹼中毒(metabolic alkalosis)。代謝性鹼中毒的代償反應是低換氣(hypoventilation),導致 PCO2\text{PCO}_2 上升。

代償公式(metabolic alkalosis respiratory compensation): ΔPCO2=0.7×ΔHCO3±5\Delta\text{PCO}_2 = 0.7 \times \Delta\text{HCO}_3^- \pm 5

ΔHCO3=3424=10\Delta\text{HCO}_3^- = 34 - 24 = 10 mEq/L

預期 PCO2=40+(0.7×10)=40+7=47\text{PCO}_2 = 40 + (0.7 \times 10) = 40 + 7 = 47 mmHg(範圍 42–52 mmHg)

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