111年:內專

血液透析病人的血管通路(AVF, arterio-venous fistula),透過例行檢視(physical examination)可以及早發 現阻塞或血流異常,及時處理。以下哪一種徵兆符合AVF 動脈端狹窄(inflow stenosis)與血流灌注不足? (1) increased pulsatility or water hammer pulse during systole (2) reduced pulsatility during systole (3) reduced softening and“empty” access during diastole (4) a high pitch, discontinuous bruit (5) weak thrill (6) Increased pulse intensity (augmentation) test

A(1) + (4) + (6)。
B(1) + (3) + (5)。
C(2) + (3) + (5) + (6)。
D(2) + (3) + (4) + (5)。
E(2) + (3) + (4) + (5) + (6)。

詳細解析

本題觀念:

血液透析的動靜脈廔管(AVF)若在動脈端發生狹窄(inflow stenosis),動脈供血受限,導致血流灌注不足。臨床可透過觸診(pulse與thrill)、聽診(bruit)及特定操作(augmentation test)來早期偵測異常,避免後續血管阻塞或透析失敗。(thoracickey.com, medilib.ir)

選項分析

  • 選項(1) increased pulsatility or water hammer pulse during systole
    增加的搏動(hyperpulsatility)或“water-hammer pulse”多因周邊出血管(venous outflow)狹窄,使阻力提高,造成搏動加劇,是outflow stenosis的表現,而非inflow stenosis。([abdominalkey.com](https://abdominalkey.com/detecting-pen

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